![]() It is important, therefore, to correct hypoxia by clearing airways, administering oxygen and, if necessary, mechanically ventilating the patient before giving atropine (Hase et al., 1984 Matthew & Lawson, 1970 Heath & Meredith, 1992). Patients who are hypoxic, however, are at risk of developing ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation if given atropine. If the dose of atropine is titrated correctly, it has few serious side effects when used in organophosphate poisoning. Although other anticholinergic agents (such as dexetimide) with different distribution kinetics may have advantages in rodent models (Lullmann et al., 1982), the role of atropine in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning is essentially unchallenged, though there is controversy concerning the dose of atropine necessary for optimal therapy in organophosphate poisoning.Ītropine is also useful in treating muscarine poisoning following ingestion of fungi of the Clitocybe and Inocybe species. It is a specific antidote for the treatment of poisoning with organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides and organophosphorus nerve agents. As such, it may also be used to counteract adverse parasympathomimetic effects of pilocarpine, or neostigmine administered in myasthenia gravis. By competitively blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, atropine may act as a specific antidote. Although atropine earlier enjoyed widespread use in the treatment of peptic ulcer, today it is mostly used in resuscitation, anaesthesia, and ophthalmology, usually as the more soluble sulphate salt. This naturally occurring tertiary amine was first isolated from the Atropa belladonna plant by Mein in 1831 (Weiner, 1985). Summary of evaluation and recommendationsġ2.3 Other consequential or supportive therapyġ2.4 Controversial issues and areas of use where there is insufficient information to make recommendationsġ3.4 Pharmaceutical incompatibilities and drug interactionsĪtropine is the best-known member of a group of drugs known as muscarinic antagonists, which are competitive antagonists of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Pharmaceutical formulation and synthesisĥ.2 Methods for identification of antidoteĥ.3 Methods for analysis of atropine in biological samplesĥ.4 Methods for analysis of the toxic agent in biological samplesġ1.1 Dose and duration of atropine sulphate therapyġ1.3 Assessment of optimal atropinizationġ1.5 Role of other anticholinergic agentsġ2. ![]() The World Health Organization does not warrant that the informationĬontained in this publication is complete and correct and shall notīe liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.Ĥ. Names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar Products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border linesįor which there may not yet be full agreement. The legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsĪuthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orīoundaries. Whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning This publication do not imply the expression of any opinion +41 email: designations employed and the presentation of the material in Translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercialĭistribution - should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 ![]() Publications of the World Health OrganizationĬan be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health National Poisons Centre, Penang, Malaysia, 18-20 December, 2002.Ģ Pharmacist-in-Charge, ACT Poisons Information Service, Canberra, Australiaģ Director, Medical Toxicology Centre, Mashad, IranĤ Deputy Director, National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Indiaĥ Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaĪll rights reserved. Robin McKeown PhC 2 August 2002, Geneva, Switzerland ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES Monograph on Atropine INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY EVALUATION Atropine (International Programme on Chemical Safety Evaluation, 2002)
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